曾金鳳
福建省三明真菌研究所!三明365000

【中文摘要】 大杯傘（Clitocybe maxima）是八十年代馴化成功的食用菌新品種.本文詳細(xì)描述了其子實(shí)體發(fā)育的四個(gè)時(shí)期—一棒形期、釘頭期、杯形期、成熟期的形態(tài)特征.以及菌褶子實(shí)層、單核菌絲、雙核菌絲中的絲狀菌絲、粉狀菌絲和產(chǎn)孢菌絲團(tuán)的顯微構(gòu)造;闡述了大杯傘生活史中的三個(gè)有性大循環(huán)和一個(gè)無性小循環(huán),說明其有性世代可不必經(jīng)過傘形子實(shí)體階段,而由產(chǎn)孢菌絲團(tuán)和粉狀雙核菌絲直接產(chǎn)生擔(dān)子和擔(dān)孢子來完成;對(duì)大杯傘生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育各個(gè)階段的溫度、營(yíng)養(yǎng)、水分、光照、空氣和pH值等要求也作了較詳細(xì)論述.

【英文摘要】 Clitocybe maxima, a new species of edible fungus, was successfully domesticated in 1980 ' s. The paper presented a detailed description of the morphological characteristics of its four fruiting stages: club, pin-head, cup and mature stage. The microstructure of the lamella hymenia, spore-bearing mycelia, the filaments and "powdery" hyphae of the uninucleate and dicaryophytic hyphae were also described in detail. It was demonstrated that three major sexual cycles and a minor nonsexual cycle were involved in the life cycle of Clitocybe maxima, showing that its sexual generation could be completed through the direct production of basidia and basidiospores by spore-bearing mycelia and powdery dikaryotic mycelia without passing the stage of pileate fructification. And the requirement of temperature, nutrition, moisture, light, aeration and pH during the development of Clitocybe maxima was also described.

【中文關(guān)鍵詞】 大杯傘; 形態(tài)特征; 顯微構(gòu)造; 生活史; 生活條件
【英文關(guān)鍵詞】 Clitocybe maxima; Morphological characteristics; Microstructure; Life cycle; Growing conditions

【文獻(xiàn)出處】 食用菌學(xué)報(bào),Acta Edulis Fungi,編輯部郵箱,1996年01期 【DOI】CNKI:SUN:SYJB.0.1996-01-002